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Jokowi is Right not to Join ‘BRICS’ for Now

– but the alliance is still important for Indonesia

by Ayu Anastasya Rachman
September 3, 2023
Reading Time: 8 mins read
BRICS leaders announce the outcomes of the XV BRICS Summit, at the Sandton Convention Centre, Johannesburg, 24 August 2023. Official media of 15th BRICS Summit

BRICS leaders announce the outcomes of the XV BRICS Summit, at the Sandton Convention Centre, Johannesburg, 24 August 2023. Official media of 15th BRICS Summit

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Indonesian President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo travelled to Johannesburg, South Africa, on August 24 to attend the 15th BRICS summit, an informal grouping of five major emerging nations: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.

Just before the summit, the BRICS group announced Argentina, Ethiopia, Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, would become members as of January 1 next year.

There had been speculation Indonesia might join.

There were 67 countries invited to attend the summit and Reuters reported more than 40 countries, including Indonesia, had expressed interest in joining BRICS.

As Southeast Asia’s largest economy, some experts argue Indonesia should join the BRICs grouping.

However, Jokowi says Indonesia still needs to consider its position.

As an international relations scholar focusing on diplomacy and international development, I suggest not joining BRICS, at least not today, is an appropriate decision for Indonesia. As a country that does not want to be aligned with super powers, joining BRICS could put Indonesia in a complicated situation in terms of diplomatic relations.

Avoiding an anti-Western interest’s ‘trap’

Historically, BRICS aims to promote cooperation between countries in the so-called Global South and enhance cooperation with other developing countries in economy, trade, politics and social development.

Russia initiated BRICS in 2009 to balance the economic power of developed countries grouped in Group of 7 (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States).

Indonesian President Joko Widodo arrives at OR Tambo International Airport, ahead of the XV BRICS Summit in Sandton from 22-24 August 2023. Official media of 15th BRICS Summit

However, both BRICS and G7 cannot resist expanding their own agenda towards wider global political and security issues, with China and Russia trying to position BRICS as a counterweight to the G7 and other Western-led alignments.

In the Russia-Ukraine war, for example, the blocs have shown obvious opposing stances.


Also Read: Ruto Opens Opportunities for Kenyans as He Woos Indonesia


For example, during the BRICS summit, BRICS leaders issued a joint statement expressing their concern about the current war, calling for an immediate ceasefire.

Despite the absence of Russian President Vladimir Putin at the summit, due to an arrest warrant over war crime allegations, South Africa, China and India did not condemn Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Brazil has refused to join Western countries in sending arms to Ukraine or imposing sanctions on Moscow.

This is in contrast to the G7 summit in March, which imposed heavier sanctions on Russia.

Chinese President Xi Jinping in the plenary session of the 15th BRICS Summit. Official Media of 15th BRICS Summit

This could mean BRICS provides room for its members to counter and challenge the US-led Western dominance. But this kind of anti-Western sentiment contradicts the principles of Indonesia’s free and active foreign policy, meaning it does not side with world powers or bind to any military pact.

Indonesia was one of the pioneering countries of the Non-Aligned Movement. So, it always upholds the principle of noninterference in the great power rivalries and only wants to focus on achieving world peace and social justice.

Indonesia tried to be a peacebroker between Russia and Ukraine during its 2022 G20 presidency. So joining BRICS would only put Indonesia in unnecessarily complicated situations.

Moreover, if Indonesia joins BRICS, the West will probably see it as a signal of alignment towards Russia and China, and this could affect Indonesia’s diplomatic relations with the US and other Western countries.

Personal interests of old members

It appears some of the existing BRICS members stand to gain the most from increasing membership of the group.

China, as the largest economy in BRICS, seems to be in favor of adding members to bolster its own global influence. Russia, isolated and unfairly sanctioned, also needs new allies because of the protracted war in Ukraine. South Africa as the group’s smallest economy, meanwhile, wants more African members to join BRICS in order to strengthen the influence of the Africa continent.

President of South Africa, Cyril Ramaphosa, chairs the 15th BRICS Summit in Johannesburg. Official Media of 15th BRICS Summit

On the other hand, India and Brazil chose to be more careful in taking any approaches as they would not want to get caught up in polarization.

But BRICS remains important for Indonesia

Although the Indonesian government has not joined BRICS, it is fully aware of the importance of BRICS as a strategic partner, especially economically.


Also Read: Indo East Africa Trade Expo 2023: Unveiling New Trade Opportunities Between India and East Africa


President Jokowi, Foreign Affairs Minister Retno Marsudi and Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment Luhut Pandjaitan all went to Johannesburg. This showed Indonesia’s bilateral and regional interests as 2023 ASEAN Chair. With an economic value of 33.6% of global Gross Domestic Product and being home to 45% of the world’s total population, BRICS is clearly a significant partner for the ASEAN bloc.

For developing economies such as ASEAN countries, BRICS can help bring exchanges of technology, knowledge and trade, which is mutually beneficial.

Family photo of BRICS leaders. Official Media of 15th BRICS Summit

In addition, BRICS countries are currently promoting “de-dollarisation”, with the aim of moving away from global dependency on the US dollar as an international currency. The establishment of BRICS New Development Bank in funding various projects has marked an integral part of the bloc’s economic development step.

This is in line with Indonesia’s mission to intensify the use of rupiah currency and avoid further depression of the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar. In this case, the BRICS New Development Bank can perhaps help strengthen the rupiah in international transactions.

Although BRICS is starting to focus more on a development and trade agenda, the possibility of it becoming a proxy battleground between China/Russia and the West remains.

So Indonesia’s decision to stay out of BRICS for now is wise. If it Indonesia wants to focus on expanding cooperation, investment and technology development, and this all needs to be done with all parties, both the Global North and the Global South.The Conversation

Ayu Anastasya Rachman, Head of International Relations Department, Universitas Bina Mandiri Gorontalo

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Tags: BrazilBRICSBRICS Summit 2023ChinaIndiaIndonesiaRussiaSouth Africa
Ayu Anastasya Rachman

Ayu Anastasya Rachman

Head of International Relations Department, Universitas Bina Mandiri Gorontalo. Area of interest in Diplomacy, International Development, and Education’s Philosophy, Politics and Economics. She can be reached at [email protected]

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This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience.
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