Prime Cabinet Secretary and Kenya’s Foreign Minister Musalia Mudavadi has revealed that hundreds of Kenyans have been killed, imprisoned, or rescued abroad amid a growing wave of fraudulent overseas recruitment and labour exploitation networks spanning Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.
In a report submitted to the Senate Standing Committee on Labour Migration, Recruitment and Worker Protection, the Ministry said the recruitment and exploitation of Kenyan nationals is increasingly driven by well-coordinated transnational criminal networks operating across multiple jurisdictions.
The Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs says the cases reported between 2022 and 2026 point to an expanding and highly organized trafficking system involving rogue recruitment agents, transnational criminal networks, and online job scams.
“These cases demonstrate a convergence of human trafficking, recruitment by rogue agencies, and deceptive job offers. All these pose a risk to national security,” Mudavadi said.
Mudavadi Reveals Number of Kenyans Rescued, Killed and Imprisoned in Myanmar, Russia
In the Golden Triangle region, covering Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand, Myanmar recorded the highest number of cases, with over 751 Kenyans rescued.
Of these, 615 were repatriated, while 39 were imprisoned for illegal entry and repeat cybercrime offenses.
About 97 others crossed into Thailand, where they are being held in Immigration Detention Centres pending deportation.
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In Cambodia, 393 Kenyans were rescued between January and April 2026, while 304 were repatriated.
“The remaining are in the process of being repatriated as more others continue to leave the scam compounds,” Mudavadi said.
In Laos, 29 Kenyans have been repatriated to date.
Thailand was identified as both a transit hub and a destination for exploitation.
Kenyan women were reported to have been trafficked mainly for sexual exploitation, while the country also served as a corridor for victims moved to Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia.
Authorities also recorded 14 Kenyans imprisoned for using forged immigration stamps allegedly facilitated by traffickers during transit through Malaysia and overland movement into Myanmar.
The Ministry further reported that over time, three Kenyans had died in scam compounds due to illness, while one woman reportedly died following a forced abortion.
In the Middle East, 162 Kenyans were reportedly smuggled into Qatar through unregistered recruitment agencies operating both locally and abroad. While many returned home, others remained in alternative forms of employment.
In Russia, the government documented 252 reported cases of Kenyans who enlisted in the Russian special forces.
Of these, 47 were repatriated, while 10 deaths were reported by families, although these figures remain officially unverified.
In India, 263 Kenyan women were repatriated after being trafficked under the guise of legitimate jobs in hospitality and beauty sectors, only to be subjected to sexual exploitation and debt bondage.
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Kenya Flags Myanmar, Cambodia, Russia as High-Risk Countries
The Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs has identified several high-risk destinations where Kenyan nationals continue to face exploitation through trafficking, forced labour, and irregular recruitment networks.
Southeast Asia, particularly the Golden Triangle region covering Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand, alongside India, has emerged as a major hub for trafficking.
Mudavadi linked the region to sexual exploitation of women and forced involvement in cybercrime-related activities operated from scam compounds.
The Russian Federation has also been flagged amid the ongoing Russia–Ukraine conflict, which has attracted foreign nationals into its military ranks.
In Kenya, authorities have noted cases involving both ex-servicemen and civilians.
The Ministry, however, notes that contrary to some reports of forced recruitment, individuals who travel for such engagements do so voluntarily after signing contracts as combatants or logistics officers.
Gulf countries, particularly Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, remain another key concern.
The State Department for Diaspora Affairs said it has continued to receive reports of Kenyans being smuggled through rogue recruitment agents who exploit weak regulatory oversight and vulnerable job seekers.
Many victims reportedly face exploitation and abuse upon arrival in destination countries.
The North African migration route has also been identified as a high-risk trafficking corridor.
Kenyan nationals attempting to reach Europe are increasingly being moved through irregular routes via the Moyale border into Sudan, and onward through Libya, Tunisia, Egypt, or Morocco.
Authorities warn that this route is associated with severe exploitation, violence, human rights abuses, and in some cases, death.
